People with low blood serum levels of vitamin D3 had been 60% more likely to suffer a cardiovascular event (like a heart attack, heart failure or stroke) than people with good blood vitamin D3 levels. The increased risk had remained even after the researchers had adjusted their figures to take other risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol into account.

Furthermore, those who had both vitamin D3 deficiency and high blood pressure had been twice as likely to suffer a cardiovascular event.

This large five-year study followed the health outcomes of 1,739 white people who had not been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease before the study. The gender split was 55% women, 45% men. The average age of the participants was 59 years.

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